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The primary function of System Profiler on a Mac system is to provide detailed information about the hardware and software configuration of the computer. It lists various components of the system, including the installed applications, hardware specifications, and system software versions. This tool is especially useful for troubleshooting and identifying system issues, as it gives an in-depth overview of the system's setup.

While initiating backups, executing firmware updates, and taking screenshots are all tasks that can be accomplished on a Mac, they are not the main purpose of System Profiler. Backups are typically handled through Time Machine or other backup software, firmware updates are managed through the Software Update feature, and screenshots can be taken using predefined keyboard shortcuts or the Screenshot app. Therefore, the focus of System Profiler specifically aligns with its capability to list installed applications and other system attributes.